Case Study

A washing machine is a well-known appliance for cleaning laundry. There are two main types of this appliance, mainly top-loader and front-loader. Front-loading washers are typically more expensive, but justifiably so. They give a more quality clean and tend to be more energy and water efficient than top loaders. In addition, the front load washers pack more wash features to accommodate all fabric types and soil levels.

In order to assess your understanding of Microcontrollers, particularly 8051 microcontrollers, you must design the operation of a washing machine in the 8051 microcontroller system. The systems requirements and operations are as follows:

1. The system must start by initializing all the used hardware and reset all the I/O ports/pins.

2. Once the Washing Machine Door is closed (Declare an I/O port pin to detect door closure), start laundry weighing to avoid machine overloading.

3. The weight of the laundry is measured by Electronic Weight Scale (EWS) attached to the machine Wash Drum. The output value of EWS is fed into the 8051 microcontroller through one of the I/O ports.

4. Read the EWS output through any I/O ports and evaluate its value against the MAX weight (10kg which is proportional to 4BH) tolerated by the Washing Machine.

a. If the value is acceptable, indicate with a status LED (declare the I/O port pins for this task) and start water pump motor (declare water pump motor control I/O port pin).

b. If value is beyond the MAX weight, indicate with a status LED (declare I/O port pin for this task) and prevent the washing machine from continuing to the next step but to re-weight the laundry again.

5. The water pump must run for 300ms, then stop and start the washing motor.

6. The washing motor (Declare an I/O port pin for this task) must run for 600ms before the draining stage begins. The draining stage is indicated by a low output of the water level sensor.

7. The water level sensor is located at the bottom of the washing drum, and it output a high voltage when there is no water (Declare an I/O pin for this task). Allow this pin to be manually triggered.

8. Once the water level sensor output is high, the water pump must run again for 300ms to prepare rinsing staging to start.

9. After 300ms, the washing motor must run for 600ms to complete the rinsing stage. Immediately after rinsing stage, drain water until the level sensor output high.

10. Start the drying process and allow it to run for 600ms to complete the laundry washing process.

Important elements to consider when addressing the above challenge

a). Design a flowchart to illustrate the operation of the washing machine as required and mentioned above. (15%)

b). Draw a schematic circuit design that indicate mainly the I/O ports/pins interfacing with the washing machine components. (15%)

c). Write an Assembly program (with minimum syntax errors possible) to execute the proposed solution illustrate by the flowchart. (50%)

d). Show all the calculations where necessary, implement the XTAL frequency of your choice. (10%)

e). The uniqueness of your proposed solution will contribute towards more marks. (10%)

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