Question one.

1. Collage Program (organizing work and study, dateline, examinations, time management.)

2. Caregiving (children family members)

3. Financial obligations.

Elaborate on the three causes of stress describing the signs and symptoms you would expect to find in a patient experiencing these types of stressors. What questions would you ask the patient to assess his/her situation in a non-judgmental and therapeutic way? 300-500 words, at least two academic reference, due Thursdays by 2359 ET

Question Two

Time Management

Read the two (2) page article attached.

Conduct a Time Audit of your daily routine for at least 3 days using the attached Time Audit form to track your activities.

Answer the questions at the bottom of the form.

10 American Nurse Today Volume 12, Number 11 AmericanNurseToday.com
•
Planning and prioritizing can improve
productivity and job satisfaction.
MANAGING TIME can be difficult, especially for nurse
leaders attempting to handle busy schedules that include
meetings, staffing problems, and other healthcare issues
that occur throughout the workday. Some people consider a day completely occupied with commitments an
indicator of good time-management skills. However,
constantly moving from place to place or project to project doesn’t mean that time is managed appropriately.
Poor time management can lead to inefficient work
flow, wasted time, missed deadlines, poor-quality work,
and decreased work satisfaction. This article will provide time-management strategies that nurse leaders can
use in any setting.
Self-assessment
How do you begin your day? Do you immediately rush
to check your email or voicemail and then begin addressing the newest problem? Conduct a time audit to
assess how you currently manage your time. (See What’s
a time audit?)
Honestly evaluate your tendency to procrastinate and
identify strategies to overcome it. For example, add due
dates to your to-do lists and prioritize tasks that need to
be completed. Remember that waiting to complete priority projects not only leads to mismanaged time, it
also increases your stress levels.
Preparing in advance
Effective time management begins by planning ahead,
so prepare for the next day by starting the night before. Get your clothes and coffee organized in advance,
and have a to-do list ready to go. This strategy avoids
rushing in the morning and helps prioritize activities
before starting the workday.
Tackling projects
If you have a report, evaluation, or other project due,
start your day by getting it done, even before you
open your email. Focus on big projects first while
you’re still fresh and not distracted by other interruptions. This approach may be difficult at first, but it will
get easier with practice.
Other tips for tackling projects include breaking
large jobs into smaller, more manageable tasks, prioritizing work activities to get the most important items
done first, and completing similar activities together.
For example, if you need to make follow-up phone
calls, do them all at once. Another approach includes
completing harder tasks first and leaving smaller, easier
jobs for later in the day.
Managing email
Email can consume your day and become a constant
distractor, keeping you away from bigger projects.
Scheduling time throughout the day to purposely
check and address email can make this process more
time efficient.
Keep your inbox organized, using the “delete, do it,
delegate, or defer” method. Decide whether the email
can be deleted, should be immediately addressed, or
can be delegated to someone else. If the email doesn’t
fall into any of those three categories, it can be left in
the inbox to be managed later. Using folders to organize important emails saves time and eliminates an overwhelming inbox filled with hundreds of emails.
To avoid frustration and a restless night, don’t check
email right before going to bed. Similarly, don’t check
email while at personal or family events; it will only be
distracting to you and others. Let your personal time
belong to you and schedule regular intervals to check
and address email.
Controlling meetings
Meetings have a reputation for being time wasters, but
good time-management strategies can make them productive opportunities for collaboration. First, make
sure the meeting is necessary. If it’s not, you’re wasting your time as well as others’. Sharing an agenda
and pre-meeting assignments will indicate to attendees
that the meeting is important and requires participation. Come prepared and start with the most important
agenda item (not announcements or department updates) so that it’s addressed efficiently and before the
group becomes distracted by other items. Out of respect for your colleagues’ schedules, meetings should
begin and end on time.
Time-management strategies for
nurse leaders
By Kristy S. Chunta, PhD, RN, ACNS-BC, and Johanna Boothby, DEd, MS, RN
Leading the Way
AmericanNurseToday.com November 2017 American Nurse Today 11
Confronting distractors
After you completed your time audit, you may have
identified several time distractors, such as social media,
texting, or Internet surfing. When working on big projects, taking a break to check text messages or social
media can be tempting. However, these quick breaks
lead to large chunks of mismanaged time and can distract you from completing projects.
You can confront these distractors by setting limits
for using personal technology during the workday
and managing other interruptions. For example, go
to lunch at 11 AM or 1 PM instead of during the busy
lunch hour. Limit social interruptions or unscheduled
visits from coworkers by being aware of when and
how they occur and placing a do-not-disturb sign on
the door when doing work that requires immediate
attention.
Taking care of yourself
Work and busy schedules can consume your day, and
the work week can creep into the weekend. Many
nurse leaders use the weekend to catch up on projects
that they couldn’t finish during the week. You may
have busy seasons that require weekend work, but
avoid the habit of taking work home. Give yourself opportunities to rest and rejuvenate by keeping at least
one day a week free from work. And use personal
time to give yourself a break from technology. Good
time management includes time for yourself and personal relationships.
Be a good time manager
Busy nurse leaders rarely have large chunks of time to
complete the many activities that require their attention. However, implementing good time-management
strategies, such as planning and prioritizing, managing
small increments of time, and including personal time
away from work can improve productivity and job
satisfaction.
The authors work at Indiana University of Pennsylvania in the department of
nursing and allied health professions. Kristy S. Chunta is a professor and Johanna
Boothby is an assistant professor.
Selected references
Chunta K. Control your email before it controls you. Am Nurse Today. 2013;(8). americannursetoday.com/control-your-email-before-itcontrols-you/
Cottrell D. 175 Ways to Get More Done in Less Time. Dallas, TX: CornerStone Leadership Institute; 2014.
Mack S. The effect of having poor time management skills. Livestrong.com. Updated August 14, 2017. livestrong.com/article/158633-
the-effect-of-having-poor-time-management-skills/
A time audit can help you improve your time-management skills. It won’t reveal 2-hour chunks of wasted time, but it will help you
identify small increments that can be better managed. Start by tracking your time for 24 hours over 7 to 14 days.
When the tracking period is complete, review the log for opportunities to make improvements. You may identify interruptions
or inefficient tasks, overuse of texting, and personal Internet and social media use. Or you might recognize small increments of
time that could be used more efficiently. Managing time effectively often begins by identifying 5- and 10-minute gaps where
small tasks can be completed.
Sample Time Log
Date: ____________________
Activity Time Total time Priority Activity Comments
involved (planned or not)
Did morning run 6 AM – 6:25 AM 25 minutes 2 Yes
and cooldown
Got ready for work 6:25 AM – 7:15 AM 50 minutes 2 Yes
Commuted to work 7:15 AM – 8:05 AM 50 minutes 2 Yes
and stopped for coffee
Talked to coworker 8:05 AM – 8:09 AM 4 minutes 3 No
Prepared for 8:09 AM – 8:19 AM 10 minutes 1 Yes
morning meeting
Attended meeting 8:30 AM – 10:42 AM 2 hours and 1 Yes Meeting was
12 minutes scheduled to last
2 hours
Priority—1 = very important, 2 = somewhat important, 3 = not important
What’s a time audit?
Copyright of American Nurse Today is the property of HealthCom Media and its content may
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express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for
individual use.

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