1. Review the attached Lab 4 file closely.
2. Work through the Lab Student document thoroughly. Disregard all references to Python and Python exercises.
3. Labs enable and enhance your learning. Schedule time to work through the lab materials at least twice.
4. Complete the Raptor programs for the following labs:
   1. Lab 4.4
   2. Lab 4.6 – Programming Challenge 1 – Tip, Tax, and Total
5. Save the fully completed Raptor programs with the following filenames: LastName_Lab_X.rap . (X = lab number.)
6. Upload files here. (Do not upload incomplete files. Seek prompt assistance to have questions answered.)

Lab 4:  Decisions and Boolean Logic

This lab accompanies Chapter 4 of Starting Out with Programming Logic & Design.

Name:  ___________________________

Lab 4.1 –Logical Operators and Dual Alternative Decisions

Critical Review   The logical AND operator and the logical OR operator allow you to connect multiple Boolean expressions to create a compound expression.   The logical NOT operator reverses the truth of a Boolean expression.    When using the AND operator, both conditions must be true in order for the statements within an if to process.   When using the OR operator, either condition must be true in order for the statements within an if to process.   A dual alternative decision structure will execute one group of statements if its Boolean expression is true, or another group if its Boolean expression is false.   The general structure of an if-then-else statement is   If condition Then    Statement    Statement    Etc. Else    Statement    Statement    Etc. End If

This lab requires you to think about possible true and false conditions using if statements.

Step 1:  Consider the following values set to variables.

• myAge = 32
• yourAge = 18
• myNumber = 81
• yourNumber = 17
• votingAge = 18

Step 2:  Based on the values to the variables in Step 1, what is the expected output?  Hint:  The output will be either what is printed to the screen, or nothing.  (Reference: Logical Operators, page 189).

The condition	Expected Output
If myAge == 31 AND yourAge < myAge Then    Display “My age is 31 and your age is less than that” End If
If myAge <= 35 AND myAge >= 32 Then    Display “My age is between 32 and 35” End If
If yourAge == votingAge OR yourAge > votingAge Then     Display “You can vote” End If
If myNumber == 83 OR yourNumber == 83 Then     Display “One of our numbers is 83” End If

Step 3:  Based on the values to the variables in Step 1, what is the expected output?  (Reference: Dual Alternative Decision Structures, page 167).

The condition	Expected Output
If myAge == 31 AND yourAge < myAge Then    Display “My age is 31 and your age is less than that” Else    Display “Our ages do not qualify” End If
If myAge <= 35 AND myAge >= 32 Then    Display “My age is between 32 and 35” Else    Display “My age is not within that range” End If
If yourAge == votingAge OR yourAge > votingAge Then     Display “You can vote” Else     Display “You cannot vote” End If
If myNumber == 83 OR yourNumber == 83 Then     Display “One of our numbers is 83” Else     Display “83 is not our numbers” End If

Lab 4.2 – Pseudocode:  Dual Alternative Decisions

Critical Review   A dual alternative decision structure will execute one group of statements if its Boolean expression is true, or another group if its Boolean expression is false.   The general structure of an if-then-else statement is:   If condition Then      Statement      Statement      Etc. Else      Statement      Statement      Etc. End If   Module Review   Recall the difference between a reference variable and a value variable.  Reference variables are used in the following lab when the value of the variable is modified in the module.  You’ll notice some parameter lists include the keyword Ref before the variable that is going to change within the module.

This lab requires you to think about the steps that take place in a program by writing pseudocode. 

Recall the retail company program from Lab 3.2.  The company now wants to modify their bonus portion to include different levels and types and eliminate the day off program.  The new program is as follows:

A retail company assigns a $5000 store bonus if monthly sales are more than $100,000; otherwise a $500 store bonus is awarded.  Additionally, they are doing away with the previous day off program and now using a percent of sales increase to determine if employees get individual bonuses.  If sales increased by at least 4% then all employees get a $50 bonus. If they do not, then individual bonuses are 0.

Step 1:  To accommodate the changes to the program, create the additional variables needed.

• Create a variable named storeAmount to hold the store bonus amount.
• Create a variable named empAmount to hold the individual bonus amount.
• Create a variable named salesIncrease to hold the percent of increase.

// Declare local variables

Declare Real monthlySales

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Step 2:  The first module in the program is getSales().  Since this is still required, leave this module as is.  This module should be written as follows:

// MODULE 1

// this module takes in the required user input

Module getSales(Real Ref monthlySales)

   Display “Enter the total sales for the month.”

   Input monthlySales

End Module

Step 3:  The second module in the program was isBonus(). Since there are two types of bonuses now, rename this module and the module call to storeBonus().  Write an if-then-else statement within this module that will set the bonus amount to either 5000 or 500.  Also, pass the variable storeAmount to the module as a reference.  Complete the missing lines.  (Reference: Dual Alternative Decision Structures, page 167). 

// MODULE 2

// this module will determine what the bonus levels are

Module ___________(Real monthlySales, Real Ref ___________)

   If monthlySales >=100000 Then

      Set ______________ = 5000

   _______

      Set ______________ = 500

   End If­­­­­­­­

End Module

Step 4:  Write a module that will ask the user to enter the percent of sales increase in decimal format.  This module will have to accept salesIncrease as a reference.  Complete the missing lines. 

// MODULE 3

// this module takes in percent of increase in decimal

// format such as .02 for 2 percent.

Module getIncrease(Real Ref _________________)

   Display “________________________________________.”

   Input ___________________________________________

End Module

Step 5:  Write a module that will determine individual bonuses.  If the sales increase percent was 4% or more, then all employees get a $50 bonus.  If the sales increase was not reached, then the bonus amount should be set to zero.  This module should be called empBonus and accept salesIncrease as a normal variable and empAmount as a reference.  

// MODULE 4

// this module will determine what the bonus levels are

Module ___________(Real ___________, Real Ref ___________)

   If salesIncrease >=__________ Then

      Set ______________ = 50

   Else

      Set ______________ = 0

   End If­­­­­­­­

End Module

Step 6:  Write a module that will print the store bonus and the employee bonus amount.  Name this module printBonus() and pass the two necessary variables. 

// MODULE 5

// this module will display store and employee bonus info.

Module ___________(Real ___________, Real ___________)

   Display “The store bonus is $”, __________________

   Display “The employee bonus is $”, _______________

End Module

Step 7:  The final step in completing the pseudocode is to call all the modules with the proper arguments.  Complete the missing lines.

Module main ()

   // Declare local variables

   Declare Real monthlySales

   Declare Real storeAmount

   Declare Real empAmount

   Declare Real salesIncrease

   // Function calls

   Call getSales(monthlySales)

   Call getIncrease(salesIncrease)

   Call ______________(_______________, _____________)

   Call ______________(_______________, _____________)

   Call ______________(_______________, _____________)

End Module

Lab 4.3 – Pseudocode:  Nested Decision Structures

Critical Review   To test more than one condition, a decision structure can be nested inside another decision structure.  This structure can become very complex, and often an if-then-else-if statement is used instead.    The general structure of the if-then-else-if statement is:   If condition_1 Then       Statement       Statement       Etc. Else If condition_2 Then       Statement       Statement       Etc. Insert as many Else If clauses as necessary Else      Statement      Statement      Etc. End If   A case structure lets the value of a variable or an expression determine which path of execution the program will take.  This is often used as an alternative to a nested if else decision.

The company now wants to add additional levels to their store and employee bonuses.  The new levels are as follows:

Store bonuses:

If store sales are $80,000 or more, store bonus is $3000

If store sales are $90,000 or more, store bonus is $4000

If store sales are $100,000 or more, store bonus is $5000

If store sales are $110,000 or more, store bonus is $6000

Employee bonuses:

If percent of increase is 3% or more, employee bonus is $40

If percent of increase is 4% or more, employee bonus is $50

If percent of increase is 5% or more, employee bonus is $75

Step 1:  Modify the storeBonus module to write a nested if else statement to set the new bonus levels.  Complete the missing lines.  (Reference: Dual Alternative Decision Structures, page 167). 

// MODULE 2

// this module will determine what the bonus levels are

Module storeBonus (Real monthlySales, Real Ref storeAmount)

   If monthlySales >= 110000 Then

      Set storeAmount = 6000

   Else If monthlySales >= ______________ Then

      Set storeAmount = ___________________

   Else if monthlySales >= ______________ Then

      Set storeAmount = ___________________

   Else if monthlySales >= ______________ Then

      Set storeAmount = ___________________

   Else

      Set storeAmount = 0

   End If­­­­­­­­

End Module

Step 2:  Modify the empBonus module to write a nested if else statement to set the new bonus levels.  Complete the missing lines.  (Reference: Dual Alternative Decision Structures, page 167). 

// MODULE 4

// this module will determine what the bonus levels are

Module empBonus (Real salesIncrease, Real Ref empAmount)

   If salesIncrease >= .05 Then

      Set empAmount = 75

   Else If salesIncrease >= ______________ Then

      Set empAmount = ___________________

   Else if salesIncrease >= ______________ Then

      Set empAmount = ___________________

   Else

      Set empAmount = 0

   End If­­­­­­­­

End Module

Step 3:  Modify Module 5 by adding an if statement that will print a message if both the store bonus and the employee bonus are the highest amounts possible. (Reference: Logical Operators, page 189).

// MODULE 5

// this module will display store and employee bonus info.

Module printBonus(Real storeAmount, Real empAmount)

   Display “The store bonus is $”, storeAmount

   Display “The employee bonus is $”, empAmount

   If storeAmount == _____  AND empAmount == _____ Then

      Display “Congrats! You have reached the highest bonus amounts possible!”

   End If

End Module

Lab 4.4 – Flowcharts

This lab requires you to convert your pseudocode in Lab 4.3 to a flowchart.  Use an application such as Raptor or Visio. 

Step 1:  Start Raptor and save your document as Lab 4-4.  The .rap file extension will be added automatically.  Start by adding a Comment box that declares your variables. 

Step 2:  The next step in your flowchart should be to call your methods.  Main should look as follows.  Be sure to click yes to add new tabs for each module. 

Step 3:  Click on the getSales tab and add the necessary code to enter the monthly sales.  Your getSales method might look like the following:

Step 4:  Click on the getIncrease tab and add the necessary code to enter the percent of increase in sales.  Since percentages can be entered differently, you should specify the method to the user.  Either method is fine, as long as you specify.  One method is as follows:

Here is a different method whereas the number entered is divided by 100:

Step 5:  Click on the storeBonus tab and add the nested if-then-else statement from Lab 4.3, Step 1.  Do not forget the final else of setting storeAmount to 0.  The start of your module should look as follows, and you should have a total of four decisions:

Step 6:  Click on the empBonus tab and add the nested if-then-else statement from Lab 4.3, Step 2.  Do not forget the final else of setting empAmount to 0.  The start of your module should look as follows, and you should have a total of three decisions:

Step 7:  Click the printBonus tab and add the necessary code from Lab 4.3, Step 3.  The module should look as follows:

Step 8:  When your program is complete, test the following monthly sales and sales increases to ensure that the output matches the following.  If your output is different, then review your code. 

Input Values	Expected Output
monthlySales = 120500 salesIncrease = 5	The store bonus amount is $6000 The employee bonus amount is $75 Congrats!  You have reached the highest bonus amounts possible!
monthlySales = 93400 salesIncrease = 5	The store bonus amount is $4000 The employee bonus amount is $75
monthlySales = 75000 salesIncrease = 1.5	The store bonus amount is $0 The employee bonus amount is $0
monthlySales = 82000 salesIncrease = 3.6	The store bonus amount is $3000 The employee bonus amount is $40
monthlySales = 125000 salesIncrease = 4.5	The store bonus amount is $6000 The employee bonus amount is $50

Step 9:  The final step is to insert your finished flowchart in the space below.  Inside Raptor, select File and the Print to Clipboard from the menu.  Inside Word in the space below, select Edit and Paste.  You will have to do this for each module you created. 

            PASTE FLOWCHART HERE

Lab 4.5 – Python Code

Step 1:  Start the IDLE Environment for Python.  Prior to entering code, save your file by clicking on File and then Save.  Select your location and save this file as Lab4-5.py.  Be sure to include the .py extension. 

Step 2:  Document the first few lines of your program to include your name, the date, and a brief description of what the program does. 

Step 3:  Start your program with the following code:

# Lab 4-5

# The main function

def main():

    monthlySales = getSales() #call to get sales

# This function gets the monthly sales

def getSales():

    monthlySales = float(input(‘Enter the monthly sales $’))

    return monthlySales

# This function gets the percent of increase in sales

def getIncrease():

# This function determines the storeAmount bonus

def storeBonus():

# This function determines the empAmount bonus

def empBonus():

# This function prints the bonus information

def printBonus():

# calls main

main()

Step 4:  Under the getIncrease function, add the necessary code to allow the user to input sales increase.  Your code might look as follows:

# This function gets the percent of increase in sales

def getIncrease():

   salesIncrease = float(input(‘Enter percent of sales increase: ‘))

   salesIncrease = float(salesIncrease)

   salesIncrease = salesIncrease / 100

   return salesIncrease

Step 5:  Under the call to getSales(), add a function call to getIncrease().

     salesIncrease = getIncrease() #call to get sales increase

Step 6:  Under the storeBonus function, add the necessary code so that the program will determine what the proper storeAmount variable should have.  This function might look as follows:

#This function determines the storeAmount bonus

def storeBonus(monthlySales):

    if monthlySales >=110000:

        storeAmount = 6000

    elif monthlySales >=100000:

        storeAmount = 5000

    elif monthlySales >=90000:

        storeAmount = 4000

    elif monthlySales >=80000:

        storeAmount = 3000

    else:

        storeAmount = 0

    return storeAmount

Step 7:  Under the call to getIncrease(), add a function call to storeBonus().

#call to get the store bonus

storeAmount = storeBonus(monthlySales)

Step 8:  Repeat the similar process in step 6 and 7 for writing the empBonus() function and making a call to it.  Recall that this function uses salesIncrease to determine empAmount.

Step 9:  Code the printBonus() function to print the storeAmount and empAmount.  This function might look as follows:

#This function prints the bonus information

def printBonus(storeAmount, empAmount):

    print ‘The store bonus amount is $’, storeAmount

    print ‘The employee bonus amount is $’, empAmount

    if storeAmount == 6000 and empAmount == 75:

        print(‘Congrats! You have reached the highest bonus amounts possible!’)

Step 10:  Under the call to empBonus(), add a function call to printBonus.  This call might look as follows:

printBonus(storeAmount, empAmount) #call to print amounts   

Step 11:  Click Run and Run Module to see how your program processes.  Test the following values to verify the expected output. 

Input Values	Expected Output
monthlySales = 120500 salesIncrease = 5	The store bonus amount is $ 6000 The employee bonus amount is $ 75 Congrats! You have reached the highest bonus amounts possible!
monthlySales = 93400 salesIncrease = 5	The store bonus amount is $4000 The employee bonus amount is $75
monthlySales = 75000 salesIncrease = 1.5	The store bonus amount is $0 The employee bonus amount is $0
monthlySales = 82000 salesIncrease = 3.6	The store bonus amount is $3000 The employee bonus amount is $40
monthlySales = 125000 salesIncrease = 4.5	The store bonus amount is $6000 The employee bonus amount is $50

Step 12:  Execute your program so that it works and paste the final code below

PASTE CODE HERE

Lab 4.6 – Programming Challenge 1 – Tip, Tax, and Total

Write the Pseudocode, Flowchart, and Python code for the following programming problem. 

Recall the Tip, Tax, and Total program from Lab 2.6.  Modify your program to include new requirements.   

Write a program that will calculate a XXX% tip and a 6% tax on a meal price.  The user will enter the meal price and the program will calculate tip, tax, and the total.  The total is the meal price plus the tip plus the tax.  Your program will then display the values of tip, tax, and total.

The restaurant now wants to change the program so that the tip percent is based on the meal price.  The new amounts are as follows:

Meal Price Range	Tip Percent
.01 to 5.99	10%
6 to 12.00	13%
12.01 to 17.00	16%
17.01 to 25.00	19%
25.01 and more	22%

The Pseudocode

            TYPE PSEUDOCODE HERE

The Flowchart

            PASTE FLOWCHART HERE

The Python Code

            PASTE CODE HERE

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