Instructions Folds, Fault, Unconformity in Map

The government wants to build a dam and your company got the task of a geological and structural survey of the area. Your predecessor mapped the area in detail but he left the company. You have only his map with the legend but without interpretation or report. The succession of the rock units is not overturned. This sector is characterized by cylindrical folds, an angular unconformity and a fault. Is the area suitable for a storage dam?

The rock units includes A-pelite, B-dolostone, C-limestone with stromatolites, D-greywacke, F-turbiditic limestone, G-oolitic limestone and H-nodular limestone.

If you cannot print the map you can put a blank sheet of paper on your computer screen and copy only the linear elements (geological contact like rock units boundaries, the fault and the angular unconformity)

How to proceed:

1. Color the map (mandatory for the comprehension of the structural relationships).

• Mark the angular unconformity on the map and describe how you recognized angular unconformities?

Your answer:

Using the structural contour lines method find:

• The orientation (Dip Direction/Dip Angle) of the sedimentary layers above the unconformity. Your result:

• The orientation (DD/DA) of the sedimentary layers below the unconformity.

Your result:

• The orientation (DD/DA) of the sedimentary layers east of the fault. Your result:

• The orientation (DD/DA) of the sedimentary layers west of the fault. Your result:

• Draw the symbols of all the above calculated orientations on the map.

• How many folds you can identify in the geological map? (Observe the change of orientations of the rock units).

Your answer:

• Find the orientations of the fold axes (plunge direction – angle of plunge) and fold axial planes (DD/DA) for the layers under the unconformity. (Use the fold analysis with two limbs method).

Fold axes (FA):

Fold axial planes (AP):

1. Draw the track of all fold axial planes into the map with the corresponding sign of each fold (anticline and syncline).

1. Describe the folds (classification based on hinge line/FA and AP, opening angle).

Instructions Folds, Fault, Unconformity in Map

hinge line/FA classification :

AP classification:

opening angle classification:

1. Find the orientation (DD/DA) of the fault. Your result:
2. What kind of fault could you observe in the map? Your answer:
3. Draw the correct symbol of the fault on the map.

1. Mark the hangingwall and the footwall in the map.

1. Draw a geological cross section along the line X-Y. Mark and label the unconformity, the fault, and the fold axial planes in your profile.

1. Complete the legend:

18. Establish a geological history. Make an order by events starting with the oldest event.

1. Is the area suitable for a dam? If you choose ‘yes’ you have to explain where it can be build, if ‘No’ you have to explain why not, both of the answers have to be from the geological point of view.

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